It is with great relief and some pride that I note that Vermont no longer has to depend on governors' declarations for each year's Indigenous Peoples' Day; beginning tomorrow, Monday October 14, the Green Mountain State honors its original residents and the continued presence of Abenaki/Wabenaki peoples with an official holiday.
That this happens during a time when almost all the traditional history guideposts are in flux is no surprise. We now know and understand more about the slaveholding positions of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and other founders of the nation. (I find some of the powerful art of Titus Kaphar remarkable in his vision of this.) We can finally look back and acknowledge that the verdant lands of the New World were fully occupied by people who had respected, insightful cultures. We can admit that this nation began in genocide and land grabbing ... while at the same time seeing, as Benjamin Franklin did, that the deep culture of America's native peoples had much to offer in framing what we now treasure as our nation's ethical frameworks.
But we have more to learn.
I was fascinated to discover today, through a New York Times piece, that "Columbus Day" was created as part of the struggle for Italian Americans to take their place as respected citizens. If you have a few minutes, I hope you'll read the article, which is accompanied by stunning photographs. Those familiar with the history of Jews in America will recall a parallel trend, when the need for soldiers for World War II assisted in the delayed acceptance of Jews into the American mainstream. The same demand for "cannon fodder" during World War I began the dissolution of laws that had blocked Asian Americans from full citizenship, something I pondered often during the research and writing for my novel Cold Midnight.
May we all stand for this continued process of reassessing our past, facing our mistakes, and making a fairer, more just future for all.
Vermont author Beth Kanell is intrigued by poetry, history, mystery, and the things we are all willing to sacrifice for -- at any age.
Showing posts with label Cold Midnight. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cold Midnight. Show all posts
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Tuesday, July 17, 2018
Cold Midnight, Chapter 1 -- By Special Request!
I still have copies available of Cold Midnight, a "YA crossover" mystery set in 1921 in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, and based on a real "cold case" that the town never closed. By special request, here's chapter 1; you can get the softcover book from me, or the ebook online.
Cold Midnight
by Beth Kanell
Autumn 1921
Chapter 1
The
new rope worked much better than the knotted strips of sheets. And it was more
than twice as long.
In
the darkness behind the tenement house, untying the knot required her fingers
to dig and tug. Claire wished she’d brought a spike or even a nail. A nail –
there should be some scattered around on the ground. Easing quietly toward the
pool of light spilling from the downstairs parlor, Claire scuffed her shoes
until she felt something roll under them, and coaxed it along to where she
could see it and pick it up. She moved back against the wall and poked at the
knot with the iron point. Done!
Claire
was used to creeping down the back porches and only using her twisted line of
sheeting to drop down the last ten feet to the ground. It could hang there
until she returned. But the rope was different: she needed to take it with her
so she could get where she needed to go.
The
smell of tar hung thick in the warm night air. Main Street, just around the corner
from the tenement house, gleamed under its new coat of paving. No sense
stepping in the soft black ooze – Claire took the back route around the little
green-sided Christian Science church to the alley next to Willis’s hardware.
Carefully, she coiled the twenty feet of rope over her left shoulder. On
tiptoes, she ran up the three flights of fire stairs, avoiding the windows. Now
one long stretch, twenty feet high, separated her from the rooftop. She set her
fingers and toes into the brickwork and edged upward.
After
so many times crawling in darkness up the wall, with its fancy brick courses
and false window frames extending out as perfect footholds, the climb came
easily, up to the last bit where the roof hung over. Until now, the overhang
had defeated her. But this time, with her rope, she formed a sling and looped
it over a massive iron hook at the roof’s edge, built to grasp the snowload and
prevent it from falling on unsuspecting pedestrians in winter. The hook and the
rope sling would provide a way to let go of the wall and swing out.
She
tugged at the sling to make sure the knot would hold. It ought to: a square
knot, the way her father had shown her ages ago. Blue funk gripped her stomach
for a moment. She twisted her left hand around the rope sling, then snatched at
it with her right, flying loose from the wall. Four stories above the ground,
she dangled from her rope loop. Keep moving, she told herself, and heaved with
both arms, until she figured out how to launch her legs up. The scrape of her
boots against the roof startled her.
Don’t
stop now. It’s just like on the bars of the swing. Go!
Seconds
later, Claire stood on the roof of the Willis Block for the first time. The
size of it had always impressed her, as it stretched across five street-level
businesses. Her left arm burned from the rope’s friction, and she rubbed it
while she crouched and surveyed this new view of town. She peered down to be
sure nobody had seen or heard her – but the coast was clear.
First
she looked west, up the ridge, and oriented herself by the dark bulk of the
ancient pines above the town. She could see the distant cliffs block the starry
sky. The grand Bateman mansion spread solidly against the nearer slope, gas
lamps twinkling in the upper windows. There were no lights in the long glassed
greenhouse beside the mansion, but she saw small reflections of the bright
stars of early September.
Slowly,
Claire turned north, gazing past the short steeple of the Christian Science
church to see the massive stone structure of the North Church, then the brick
steeple of the Irish Catholic one. Beyond the handful of large homes at the
north end of town, the land rose to Mt. Pleasant Cemetery. She bent to rub one
knee, realizing she’d scraped that, too. Most likely her stockings would cover
it tomorrow, but she would need to be careful that no signs of her adventures
showed around her skirt and blouse, or her mother would grow suspicious.
Claire
swiveled south, toward the dark courthouse with its clock tower, then the
imposing halls of the Academy campus – the school halls that she already hated
after a single week of classes. Claire frowned fiercely, wishing they’d
disappear. For a moment she pondered what it would feel like to set them
aflame, the crisp, snapping fire engulfing them in seconds. But she knew it was
insane, a wild fantasy she’d never actually try. Her father had warned her
about fire-setters and their madness, back before the war, when he still talked
to her about real things.
Claire
closed her eyes and made the final quarter turn to face east, down the slope to
the downtown, the railroad, the river beyond. For a moment longer, she stood
blind, eyelids clamped together. She stretched her arms and hands wide, feeling
the cool night air between her fingers. She sniffed the breeze for river scent,
but she couldn’t find it. At last, she lowered her arms and opened her eyes.
Ah!
Cramped knuckles and scraped knees faded into insignificance. The town lay out
before her as if Claire were its only audience. Golden lamplight and silver
starlight splashed through and against windows. Halfway down the hill the
French Catholic church interrupted with its dark stone steeple. Closer to her,
someone pulled a curtain closed at an upper level. A late truck growled as it
pulled up Eastern Avenue toward Main Street. A dog began to bark angrily, a
second one yelped in conversation, and she caught a hint of a distant shouting
voice.
They
can’t hear me, she thought. They can’t see me. But they are mine, all mine.
The
bells of North Church tolled the hour: ten o’clock. She resolved to explore her
rooftops until midnight struck. Seven buildings linked together meant she could
walk all the way from here to the edge of the last roof above Eastern Avenue
itself. She twitched her rope to lay it flat on the first section of roof, then
started walking.
A
surprising number of objects rolled under her booted feet as she scuffed slowly
along. Although a rounded wedge of moon showed itself above the eastern
horizon, it didn’t light the roof. Claire could feel nails, and the snap of
twigs, and something soft that might be the remains of a bird. She tried to
avoid crushing whatever it was – the poor thing was most likely mangled enough.
Plus, she didn’t want to step in anything that would reek of decay. Continuing
to escape the house at night depended on not leaving traces that her mother
would notice. Her father, of course, wouldn’t notice if she put her muddiest
boots directly onto his lap.
Placing
a hand on a chimney top, she realized someone in the building had lit a fire.
Silly thing to do on such a warm night! But on second thought, perhaps it was
still warm from cooking supper. At home, supper could take place any time
between five and nine o’clock, depending on whether her mother felt exalted
that evening. Sometimes Claire’s mother set a row of candles along the table
and decorated it to resemble a feast, even when supper was only a reheated
slice of Sunday’s pork pie. She’d tear the bread apart with her long slender
fingers, instead of slicing it: “This was how his disciples recognized the
Lord,” she’d explain. “The way He broke the bread. After He rose again, of
course. Drink some wine, Claire. It’s not a sacrament like at church.”
“You’ve
watered it down,” her father would complain if he happened to be there. And
he’d take a draw from his flask instead, then forget to finish eating as he
shuffled out of the kitchen to the parlor and its darkness. Her mother’s
shoulders would slump, half from plain irritation, half from some deeper wound.
“Pray
for your father tonight,” she’d instruct Claire. “Forty ‘Hail Marys’ and then
the Our Father. He needs to go to confession.” Her voice louder, she’d repeat,
“Robert, you need to go to confession. You can’t take Holy Communion until
you’ve confessed to the priest.”
“Go
there yourself, eh,” her father would mumble back, and mutter a curse in French
just to annoy her, and drop heavily into his armchair without turning on a
lamp.
The
warm chimney also reminded Claire that she was walking above tenements where
people lived, over the shops. She hoped their ceilings muffled her footfalls.
Who lived in the rooms just beneath her? Mr. Willis, who owned the hardware?
No, he lived lower down, right above his store. This place must be his
brother’s, the one with all the small children.
The
urge seized her to peer through their windows and catch a glimpse of their
life. Could she reach the fire stairs behind this section of the store block?
She edged eastward, to the back end of the roof, and squinted into the darkness
below. She knew there was another set of stairs, but she had left her rope back
by the first set. Besides, she didn’t know how far this set went. She’d have to
inspect it by daylight before risking the drop.
Back
to the center again, then south, across the roof of the ladies’ clothing store.
Then the two sections joined together below into the grocery and what must be
the little bakery. At last she knew she stood above the photographer’s studio.
The rising moon lit a low wall in front of her, where the roofline rose to go
across the bank at the corner, with a false row of windows along the front.
The
wide, open space of Eastern Avenue yawned in the darkness below. Across the way
was the park, and beyond that, the courthouse. A movement among the bushes
caught her eye: a dog, scruffy and slow. She could barely hear its faint
snuffling.
When
the whistling started, she jerked in place, grabbing the chimney nearest to her
to stop a wave of vertigo. Her head spun. The sweet pure whistle rose in a tune
she knew: “Listen to the mockingbird,” it trilled. The strangeness of it in her
hard-luck town, her town viewed from its high Main Street roofs, nearly blinded
her. Then the whistle began to dance around the tune, ornamenting it, pouring
it into the darkness as if night were shaped with a space that belonged to
music and to joy.
Just
before the tune ended, she realized a boy in dark clothing, with the bulk of a
jacket slung over his shoulder, had emerged from the shadows of the park and
was walking into the long alley behind the store buildings. By the time she
thought to cross the roof and look directly down the side of the building, he
had vanished into the darkness, along with his melody.
In
the boy’s absence, the town laid itself out again, nearly silent. Claire walked
the roof in the other direction, back to where her rope lay folded, getting the
feel of it into her feet. The false windows rising above the front of the
photographer’s building offered a good place to perch, so she circled back
there. Where her hand rested on the brick wall, she felt lumps like chewing
gum. Bird droppings. She scrubbed her hand against her sweater and stuffed it
into a pocket, where her handkerchief sat in a ball.
Why would someone
build a row of false window arches at the front of a building? Just to make it
look taller? There was no glass, nothing behind them except the roof itself.
Claire fingered the brick surface carefully before climbing inside an arch, to
sit curled within the chilly but strong framework. Looking up the hillside to
the west, with the Bateman mansion in the center of her view, she watched the
upstairs lamps begin to go out, one after another in a line. The last one
lingered a few minutes longer. Someone setting aside his or her clothes, no
doubt. Would it be Mr. Bateman himself? No, that upper room must belong to a
maid or the cook.
Below
her, footsteps pattered along Main Street. Somebody was running there, keeping
close to the block of buildings. She turned to hook an arm more firmly, then
leaned cautiously from her position inside the arch, not wanting to make a
sound.
The
person in the darkness reached the corner of Eastern Avenue and Claire could
see enough to be sure it was a man or a very tall, older boy. His arms were
pumping and she could hear his breath, ragged and rapid. From above, the cap on
his head looked like one of her father’s uniform caps. He stopped, reached out,
and pulled the hammer of the fire alarm box. Then he ran.
Bells
rang loudly in the firehouse down the road and in the Methodist church steeple.
Lamps flared higher. Men shouted, and a truck engine roared to life. Claire
pressed her back against the wall. Crouching behind the brick edging, she
watched: one truck, the pumper; then the second one, its ladders hanging off the
end; four men clutching the rails. A fifth man stood by the open doorway,
staring down the road, then bolted back inside, shouting again.
A
harsh charcoal smell filled the night, much stronger than chimney smoke. Not
far from her, metal on metal screeched and more shouts echoed as the new fire
trucks halted just beyond the courthouse. Hunched low, keeping her balance, she
ran to the south end of the line of buildings and saw a red flicker of flame at
the side of the boarding house beyond the courthouse park.
Her
father would be there soon! The fire bells surely had summoned him by now. Any
moment, he might wake her mother, too. Claire needed to return to her bed and
be under the covers in case they looked into her room.
She
fled back north along the roofs, fumbled for the loops of her rope, and swung
wildly for the steps below.
Friday, February 14, 2014
Picturing World War I: Getting Ready for June 2014
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| Tank on Main St, St Johnsbury, 1970 |
| Regina and Ludwig Ollendorf |
So I'm thinking about Sarajevo more this year, trying to get a sense of where it was and what made it the trigger point for this enormous conflict. I found the city's own current website, http://www.sarajevo.ba/en; then I browsed the Wikipedia entry for a first look at context: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarajevo -- wow, this city really exemplifies a quality I think of as especially American, the determination to be independent and control your own fate ... but it hasn't had a lot of time to do that!
Somewhat to my surprise, I rediscovered that a book on my shelf, People of the Book by Geraldine Brooks, involves Sarajevo -- I'll have to go back to it and think again about what this means to me.
But for today, I want to focus on learning and remembering exactly where Sarajevo is now: It's the capital of the linked nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. And that body of water showing in the map here is the Adriatic Sea -- which runs along the "right-hand side" of Italy on the world map. It looks like the city is surrounded by gorgeous terrain, full of rivers and mountains ... and right next to Montenegro, for which mystery fans of the Rex Stout/Nero Wolfe books will have their own inner image! Another book I loved that's associated with this region is Lawrence Durrell's White Eagles Over Serbia.
This is how I build "memorable history" for myself: I investigate for a bit, and find the parts of my life and my reading that connect to what I'm learning. Is that the way you do it, for yourself? If you are a parent or teacher or librarian, how do you show others the ways to "get history inside you"?
Tuesday, July 9, 2013
Imagination and Knowledge: Pillars of Good Fiction
The old adage "write what you know" is very different when applied to historically hinged fiction. There are writing days when every paragraph demands that I stop to double-check details, make sure that an easy assumption actually fits the facts. For Cold Midnight this meant compiling the small details of 1921 life in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, and some careful mapping of 1921's Chinatown layout in Boston as well.
The toughest research I've done so far was probably the five years or so leading up to The Darkness Under the Water -- in part because the emotional effects of the Vermont Eugenics Program are far from over, and people who told me about their parents' and grandparents' experience of that time often didn't want to be explicit. For example, it took a long time before someone finally whispered to me the name of a local doctor who might have performed operations in the 1920s on women whom he believed should not bear more children ... long before that whisper, I'd suspected such a presence, but it was important to confirm it.
The two photos shown here were taken just a few feet apart. One is the simple (but lush!) scenic view from the rest area on Interstate 91, just north of the Barnet, Vermont, exit. It suggests a forested landscape without many people. The presence of the county seat is well hidden -- along with the dark side of some lives in the region, as well as the thriving movement of technology and information in the towns below.
The second photo carries some details of the history of what's out there: Comerford Dam, so impressive in 1930 that for its first day of operation, the U.S. President triggered the "on" switch; there's even a description of the size of the lake formed behind the dam on the Connecticut River. But the sign doesn't mention one of the most significant aspects of this dam: It was the first on this body of water to NOT have a sluice gate for logs to pass through -- marking the end of the great river logging era in Vermont.
What we know about a landscape shapes what we believe about it. Knowledge nourishes a well-trained writer's imagination!
Thursday, May 9, 2013
The Great Gatsby Goes to the Screen: That 1922 Glamour and Risk
Baz Lurhmann’s adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby opens on May 10, and stars Leonardo DiCaprio (as Jay Gatsby), Carey Mulligan (as Daisy
Buchanan), and Tobey Maguire (as Nick Carraway). For many moviegoers, there'll be some justified wondering about whether the film's version of the Roaring Twenties is exaggerated -- was there really such a gap between rich and poor, wealthy and hard-scrabble?
The short answer is: Yes. Although today's wealth gap is wider in terms of dollars, the 1920s showed Americans what that famous American Dream could look like in terms of costly clothing, money enough to eat and drink what and where you wanted, glamour and glitz. Fitzgerald's book is now a researcher's treasure trove, containing not only telling details about life, but also emotional levels that can be explored and used for measuring some points of view as we construct historical fiction dating back to the 1920s.
I kept Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and many newspaper articles on hand while crafting COLD MIDNIGHT. If I could have slept with them under my pillow, I would have! (But the print makes me sneeze.) It especially mattered in terms of the relationship Ben has in the novel with Colonel Bateman, as well as Claire's restricted grasp of her own town -- which had its "high life" way outside her own working-class experience.
I plan to see the film sometime in the next week or so, to enjoy Luhrmann's take on "what it was all like." I can hardly wait!
The short answer is: Yes. Although today's wealth gap is wider in terms of dollars, the 1920s showed Americans what that famous American Dream could look like in terms of costly clothing, money enough to eat and drink what and where you wanted, glamour and glitz. Fitzgerald's book is now a researcher's treasure trove, containing not only telling details about life, but also emotional levels that can be explored and used for measuring some points of view as we construct historical fiction dating back to the 1920s.
I kept Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and many newspaper articles on hand while crafting COLD MIDNIGHT. If I could have slept with them under my pillow, I would have! (But the print makes me sneeze.) It especially mattered in terms of the relationship Ben has in the novel with Colonel Bateman, as well as Claire's restricted grasp of her own town -- which had its "high life" way outside her own working-class experience.
I plan to see the film sometime in the next week or so, to enjoy Luhrmann's take on "what it was all like." I can hardly wait!
Saturday, April 13, 2013
Research Bookmark: Matching the Photo and the News Report
I've had this photo (blurry though it is) on the Pinterest site for COLD MIDNIGHT for a while now -- it's the result of the 1909 fire in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, which retired firefighter Dave Brown told me was the disaster that moved the town to purchase up-to-date firefighting gear; the ladders then in use were simply not long enough and fatalities resulted. Now, thanks to Researcher Extraordinaire Dave Kanell (yes, I'm married to him), here's a news report of the fire. Thanks also to Stu Beitler, who posted the piece online in 2007.
***
NINE PERSONS DIE AT FIRE
St. Johnsbury, Vt., Suffers Great Loss of Life.
Four-Story Block Burned so Rapidly That Firemen Were Helpless to Save Imprisoned Victims.
St. Johnsbury, Vt. -- Nine lives were lost in the fire which destroyed the principal business building of this town. Two other persons were fatally burned, and two were taken to a hospital suffering from severe but not dangerous burns. The property loss is estimated at $50,000, partly covered by insurance. Of the nine persons killed, two fell from the upper stories of the building in an attempt to reach safety by means of ropes, while seven were burned to death, their bodies not being recovered until several hours later.
The list of dead follows:
S. D. CUSHMAN and MRS. S. D. CUSHMAN and their child;
L. E. DARLING, forty years old, a laborer;
MISS MAY SLEEPER;
CHARLES TANNER, a painter;
MRS. CHARLES TANNER.
MRS. JEANNETTE DAVIS and LOUIS POPE, thirteen years old, son of MR. And MRS. WILLIAM POPE, were those fatally burned. The others injured are WILLIAM POPE and ROY SMITH, who will recover.
The block, a four-story brick building, was a combination of stores, offices, tenements and assembly halls. It was owned by the Citizens' Savings Bank. The fire is believed to have originated in a restaurant in the basement.
Though the alarm was given on the instant and the firemen came in with all speed, the inside of the four-story building was a furnace before help arrived, an elevator well having furnished a flue through which the flames swept to all of the floors.
When it was seen that the ladders would not reach, ropes, which were evidently in the building for such an emergency, were brought into use. Women apparently feared the attempt at descent and RANLETT attempted to come down, hand over hand, to reach he top of the ladder. He lost his balance and fell to the sidewalk. His skull was fractured and he died instantly. DARLING, the other man, lost his grip and fell in attempting to grasp the swinging rope from a windowsill. He lived only a few minutes.
The Cranbury Press New Jersey 1909-11-05
***
NINE PERSONS DIE AT FIRE
St. Johnsbury, Vt., Suffers Great Loss of Life.
Four-Story Block Burned so Rapidly That Firemen Were Helpless to Save Imprisoned Victims.
St. Johnsbury, Vt. -- Nine lives were lost in the fire which destroyed the principal business building of this town. Two other persons were fatally burned, and two were taken to a hospital suffering from severe but not dangerous burns. The property loss is estimated at $50,000, partly covered by insurance. Of the nine persons killed, two fell from the upper stories of the building in an attempt to reach safety by means of ropes, while seven were burned to death, their bodies not being recovered until several hours later.
The list of dead follows:
S. D. CUSHMAN and MRS. S. D. CUSHMAN and their child;
L. E. DARLING, forty years old, a laborer;
MISS MAY SLEEPER;
CHARLES TANNER, a painter;
MRS. CHARLES TANNER.
MRS. JEANNETTE DAVIS and LOUIS POPE, thirteen years old, son of MR. And MRS. WILLIAM POPE, were those fatally burned. The others injured are WILLIAM POPE and ROY SMITH, who will recover.
The block, a four-story brick building, was a combination of stores, offices, tenements and assembly halls. It was owned by the Citizens' Savings Bank. The fire is believed to have originated in a restaurant in the basement.
Though the alarm was given on the instant and the firemen came in with all speed, the inside of the four-story building was a furnace before help arrived, an elevator well having furnished a flue through which the flames swept to all of the floors.
When it was seen that the ladders would not reach, ropes, which were evidently in the building for such an emergency, were brought into use. Women apparently feared the attempt at descent and RANLETT attempted to come down, hand over hand, to reach he top of the ladder. He lost his balance and fell to the sidewalk. His skull was fractured and he died instantly. DARLING, the other man, lost his grip and fell in attempting to grasp the swinging rope from a windowsill. He lived only a few minutes.
The Cranbury Press New Jersey 1909-11-05
Wednesday, April 10, 2013
Book Club Bounty: The Best Reason to Get Together!
Last Friday evening, eight women from my extended neighborhood (the closest lives a few houses away; at least one had an hour-long drive) gathered for their monthly book discussion, and I was honored by an invitation -- they had (all but one) just read my newest novel, COLD MIDNIGHT, so I brought a display of photos and old postcards that were part of the research for the 1921 setting, and told the tale of the historically read murder of Sam Wah, a Chinese laundry owner who was 75 years old in 1921, in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. (I keep an even larger collection of related images at the book's Pinterest site, here: http://pinterest.com/bethkanell/cold-midnight-climbing-on-roofs-at-night-solving-c.)
Do you meet with a book club? If your club selects Cold Midnight or The Secret Room, I can provide books at a 20% discount; for The Darkness Under the Water, which I have to order differently, I can give 10% off. Just let me know. (Books, prices, etc. here: www.BethKanell.com.) Talking about a book with others who've enjoyed it -- "priceless."
Wednesday, December 12, 2012
More About the Chinese in Vermont, 1921
At Saturday's library event for COLD MIDNIGHT, I told the real (documented) story of Sam Wah, a man born in North China in 1846 who opened a laundry in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, in 1886 and lived here until his untimely death in 1921. Mr. Wah's murder was headline news for the town at the time, and ministers preached that the criminal must be captured -- there must be justice, for Mr. Wah was not "only a Chink" -- he was a Christian and part of the community.
Although that language may seem a bit forced to us now, there's no doubt that the town put its money down to seek justice. The town hired a famous detective, Jason Wood, from Boston, and the business community collected funds to purchase both a plot at the cemetery and a large, plain stone that says, "Sam Wah, Died December 27, 1921."
One of the attentive listeners on Saturday posed the question, "Did that mean there was very little racism in the town at that time?" Although I give full credit to what was done after Mr. Wah's death, and it's also well documented that the laundry owner socialized with the businessmen at the noon dinner in the local restaurant, as well as evening poker games -- I think it would be accurate to say there was an accepted form of racism in town that really hadn't particularly been thought through. Chinese were assumed to be a certain way, just as "Injuns" and black people were. Friendships across the lines of race were unusual, just as they also were often strained across the lines of religion and ethnic origin. (Irish Catholics and French Catholics had separate churches in the town until 1966.)
Moreover, the postcard shown here, with its colorful image as if one were traveling abroad, is of Chinatown in New York in the 1960s, and my husband Dave, who contributed it, transcribed the material typed on the back:
Interested in reading more about perceptions of Chinese in America in the late 1800s and early 1900s? Here are some informative websites, provided by Professor John Jung:
Although that language may seem a bit forced to us now, there's no doubt that the town put its money down to seek justice. The town hired a famous detective, Jason Wood, from Boston, and the business community collected funds to purchase both a plot at the cemetery and a large, plain stone that says, "Sam Wah, Died December 27, 1921."
One of the attentive listeners on Saturday posed the question, "Did that mean there was very little racism in the town at that time?" Although I give full credit to what was done after Mr. Wah's death, and it's also well documented that the laundry owner socialized with the businessmen at the noon dinner in the local restaurant, as well as evening poker games -- I think it would be accurate to say there was an accepted form of racism in town that really hadn't particularly been thought through. Chinese were assumed to be a certain way, just as "Injuns" and black people were. Friendships across the lines of race were unusual, just as they also were often strained across the lines of religion and ethnic origin. (Irish Catholics and French Catholics had separate churches in the town until 1966.)
Moreover, the postcard shown here, with its colorful image as if one were traveling abroad, is of Chinatown in New York in the 1960s, and my husband Dave, who contributed it, transcribed the material typed on the back:
Chinatown-New York CityThe terms "curio shops" and "exotic foods" still (40+ years after Sam Wah's death!) carry that sense of the mystical "Orient." At a guess, from the postcards we've put together, as well as documents, people in 1921 -- even in "fair-minded Vermont" -- probably saw Asians as "exotic," "inscrutable," and even malicious. Hence the emphasis on "Christian like us" for Sam Wah.
[Dated on back Sept 13, 1968]Looking East on Pell Street-ChinatownNew York City. A touch of the Orient is itsmost interesting feature. Here one will finda great variety of curio shops, restaurants,exotic foods, theatres, etc.
Interested in reading more about perceptions of Chinese in America in the late 1800s and early 1900s? Here are some informative websites, provided by Professor John Jung:
- Chinese Laundries: Tickets to Survival on Gold Mountain
- Chopsticks in the Land of Cotton: Lives of Mississippi Delta Chinese Grocers
- Southern Fried Rice: Life in a Chinese Laundry in the Deep South
- Sweet and Sour: Life in Chinese Family Restaurants
- Chinese American Historian By Chance Blog
Sunday, November 18, 2012
From COLD MIDNIGHT, to American Anti-Chinese Expressions in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s
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| Thomas Nast cartoon of "John Confucius" |
One aspect raised a good question from a careful listener at Boxcar & Caboose, the town's welcoming bookshop.
"If Sam Wah was only hosting an 'endless' poker game for the local businessmen, why did the newspaper say he had a 'gambling den' instead?"
The sad answer is the anti-Chinese racism that thrived in America at that time.
Think back to the great era of building railroads across the nation -- most of them were done by the time of the Civil War. After the war was over, many Chinese men who had been kidnapped from their homeland to labor on the rails were suddenly out of work, and willing to take very low wages for other jobs. In the sluggish economic period that followed the war, this became an issue that we today recognize still: "Those Chinese are taking our jobs. Get rid of them! They're criminals and not like us, and besides, they are dirty!"
Those phrases come up in almost any form of racism or anti-group expression. In the late 1800s they led to federal legislation barring further Chinese entry into the country (except for "professionals" -- which included laundrymen!), forbidding Chinese women to arrive ("they would multiply like rabbits"), and saying Chinese could not become naturalized American citizens. The 1882 law actually broadened over the years, being used against all "Asians," until World War I sharply increased the need for males to go to war. Even without the law's force, though, the racism survived.
At that time, the term "Chinaman" was derogatory -- much like "Nigger." Cartoons created a persona of the ignorant, lazy, dirty, immoral Chinese, calling this figure "John Chinaman." Here's a short related piece particularly for educators (including relationships to state standards) that accompanies this image of "John Chinaman":
I thank my husband Dave for continued research on this, including the images that follow here:
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| "John Chinaman" postcard |
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| Dated on rear May 27, 1910, in Indiana. |
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| Chinese women finally arriving in the US after World War I -- part of a needed workforce. |
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| Chinese laundry prices, circa 1940 |
Saturday, November 3, 2012
82 Years Ago, in St. Johnsbury, Vermont ...
In the holiday season of 1921, local men who survived the terrible trench warfare of the Great War -- later known as World War I -- were home. But they hadn't been here long: Although the war ended in 1919, many soldiers remained in Europe for another year and a half, either taking part in "the peace" by choice or by orders, or detained in medical treatment. That means they came "home" in 1920 and 1921.
Claire Benedict's father in COLD MIDNIGHT is one of these men, and as the autumn turns to winter in 1921, Claire is increasingly upset that her father, home for a few months, hasn't yet gone to work. Shell-shocked and coughing, her dad is not able to come through for Claire and her mom, the way Claire had imagined things would work out.
At the same time, a very different holiday season is unfolding for a man Claire doesn't even realize lives in her blue-collar Vermont town: a Chinese man who owns a laundry not far from the railroad station.
COLD MIDNIGHT -- which releases today, at stores in the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont (and Montpelier's Bear Pond Books), and also at www.BethKanell.com -- is a mystery and adventure novel that draws firmly on the real town of 1921 and a real murder that took place. I don't want to spoil the story by telling you too much now, but when you've read it, you'll find notes in the back of the book to make connections to what took place here.
Meanwhile, to get you in the mood, here is a real postcard, sent in 1921 as a holiday greeting, postmarked St. Johnsbury. It's a small world, so if you happen to know something about the sender, or the addressee, please do let me know!
UPDATE, November 7, 2015: Earlier this week, I enjoyed a phone conversation with Tanya Conly, who lives in a part of East St. Johnsbury that was once known affectionately as "Conlyville," for all the family members living there. She reported with pleasure that John Conly -- who, with his wife (Mr. and Mrs.), signed this postcard -- was her the brother of her grandfather Herbert William Conly. It's a very small world, because Tanya Conly lives about half a mile from Dave and me! I'm glad she spotted this post and let us know that the card does indeed connect "here at home."
PS -- There are many more postcards and photos of the town here: http://pinterest.com/bethkanell/cold-midnight-climbing-on-roofs-at-night-solving-c
Claire Benedict's father in COLD MIDNIGHT is one of these men, and as the autumn turns to winter in 1921, Claire is increasingly upset that her father, home for a few months, hasn't yet gone to work. Shell-shocked and coughing, her dad is not able to come through for Claire and her mom, the way Claire had imagined things would work out.
At the same time, a very different holiday season is unfolding for a man Claire doesn't even realize lives in her blue-collar Vermont town: a Chinese man who owns a laundry not far from the railroad station.
COLD MIDNIGHT -- which releases today, at stores in the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont (and Montpelier's Bear Pond Books), and also at www.BethKanell.com -- is a mystery and adventure novel that draws firmly on the real town of 1921 and a real murder that took place. I don't want to spoil the story by telling you too much now, but when you've read it, you'll find notes in the back of the book to make connections to what took place here.
Meanwhile, to get you in the mood, here is a real postcard, sent in 1921 as a holiday greeting, postmarked St. Johnsbury. It's a small world, so if you happen to know something about the sender, or the addressee, please do let me know!
UPDATE, November 7, 2015: Earlier this week, I enjoyed a phone conversation with Tanya Conly, who lives in a part of East St. Johnsbury that was once known affectionately as "Conlyville," for all the family members living there. She reported with pleasure that John Conly -- who, with his wife (Mr. and Mrs.), signed this postcard -- was her the brother of her grandfather Herbert William Conly. It's a very small world, because Tanya Conly lives about half a mile from Dave and me! I'm glad she spotted this post and let us know that the card does indeed connect "here at home."
PS -- There are many more postcards and photos of the town here: http://pinterest.com/bethkanell/cold-midnight-climbing-on-roofs-at-night-solving-c
Thursday, October 4, 2012
COLD MIDNIGHT: Early Bird Access to the eBook
Amazon and my fabulous publisher, Raphel Publishing, just made it possible for readers in a rush to download the eBook of COLD MIDNIGHT, a month before the printed book will release (Nov. 3). Got your Kindle, iPad, or other reading device warmed up and ready? Let me know what you think of the book! Here's the link for COLD MIDNIGHT in e-form. Have fun!
PS -- for a look at some wonderful old St Johnsbury, Vermont, postcards, and other images that relate to the mystery, check the Pinterest site.
PS -- for a look at some wonderful old St Johnsbury, Vermont, postcards, and other images that relate to the mystery, check the Pinterest site.
Sunday, August 19, 2012
A New England Town Re-Shaped by Fire
Yesterday my husband Dave and I browsed a postcard "show" -- really a marketplace, with a dozen or so dealers, and hundreds of thousands of postcards, many of them images of buildings, railroads, and people long gone. It was a historian's treasure trove, and we won't be going out to dinner again for quite a while, because we gathered so many of the 3.5 by 5.5 inch cards to bring home with us. I don't think either one of us purchased a modern "color photo" postcard; we chose the early black-and-white ones, mostly camera shots but some hand drawn or etched, and a few hand-tinted with washes of pastel color.
Probably the most compelling in Dave's batch were a pair that showed the disaster of a winter fire that wiped out half the downtown structures of Lyndonville, Vermont, in 1924. Dave will be doing his own posts about that (at the moment, he "does" Lyndonville and I "do" four other neighboring towns). But I want to share the link to a remarkable video we found that narrates the blaze and its results, as well as showing a number of the postcards that were printed at the time to show the disaster. The video is by Lindsay Marcotte, who was a student at today's Lyndon Institute when she made it. Here it is: http://youtu.be/o0JtuL5SK7Y
It's remarkable that Lyndonville looks untouched today (and there have been other fires since then, too).
In Cold Midnight, the novel I'll bring out in November of this year, Claire Benedict climbs the roofs of St. Johnsbury at night; in the first chapter, she sees a fire being "set." Most downtown structure fires in northern New England have been accidental, but St. Johnsbury and Lyndonville (neighboring large towns) have both seen terrible cases of arson. Two imposing buildings that were lost within the last couple of generations were North Hall of St. Johnsbury Academy, and the Y.M.C.A. building on Eastern Avenue. I've put the postcards showing these onto the Cold Midnight Pinterest board, and I'm placing them here, too, for easy access. North Hall (top image, with South Hall more distant) was lost in 1956, and the Y.M.C.A. building in 1984.
A peek into the possible fiction future: I've started another novel called The Fire Curse that works with all those fires. It's not the next one in my queue to complete, but ... I'll get there, one of these days.
Tuesday, August 14, 2012
Cold Midnight: A Cover, and a Release Date!
Thanks to the fantastic team at Raphel Publishing, COLD MIDNIGHT is headed toward a November 3, 2012, release -- and designer Jacob Grant provided this great draft cover today, which will probably get polished a bit more as the book comes together.
Editor Adrienne Raphel and I are working on making this the best book yet. In fact, tomorrow I'll be "unreachable" as I buckle down to revisions based on our discussions. I love working with Adrienne -- she and I have similar beliefs about what a good story does for the reader.
And here's a summary of COLD MIDNIGHT, now on the Sisters in Crime (New England) website:
I'm looking forward to your comments!
Editor Adrienne Raphel and I are working on making this the best book yet. In fact, tomorrow I'll be "unreachable" as I buckle down to revisions based on our discussions. I love working with Adrienne -- she and I have similar beliefs about what a good story does for the reader.
And here's a summary of COLD MIDNIGHT, now on the Sisters in Crime (New England) website:
For high school freshman Claire Benedict, the pressures of home and school are huge -- her father is home from the Great War now that it's 1921, but he's too depressed to work, her mother is furious at still supporting the family, Claire's friends have stepped aside, and teachers pick on her for her family background. So climbing the downtown roofs at night gives her a world of her own, free and wide-ranging. To her surprise, there's another night climber: Ben Riley, looking for a miracle. When the two of them witness both an arsonist and a late-night poker game that ends in murder, their sleuthing turns risky. Skills alone won't get them through the dangers that lie ahead.For a look at some of the photos (and fires!) behind the story, check out the connected Pinterest board here: http://pinterest.com/bethkanell/cold-midnight-climbing-on-roofs-at-night-solving-c
I'm looking forward to your comments!
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